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Genes humanos asociados a la infección por el SARS-CoV-2
Resumen
Fundamento: La variabilidad clínica de la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 se debe, en parte, a factores genéticos.
Objetivo: Describir los principales genes de susceptibilidad a la Covid-19.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en Google Académico, SciELO, Annual Reviews y PubMed Central. Los descriptores que se utilizaron para la búsqueda de los documentos fueron consultados en el DeCS, estos fueron: SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, genética y predisposición genética a la enfermedad. Se seleccionaron artículos disponibles a texto completo en inglés y en español, preferentemente de revistas arbitradas por pares.
Resultados: Entre los genes implicados en la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 se encuentran DDX1 que promueve la replicación viral, IFITM1, IFITM2, IFITM3, IFNAR2 que codifican proteínas inducidas por el interferón, los genes de receptores (ACE2, ANPEP, DPP4), los genes de proteasas (TMPRSS2, furin, TMPRSS11D, CTSL, CTSB) que contribuyen a la entrada viral, genes de la respuesta inmune como ABO y metalopeptidasas como la familia ADAM. Se han detectado polimorfismos genéticos de riesgo.
Conclusiones: En la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 se produce una compleja interrelación entre factores ambientales y genéticos que determinan la susceptibilidad de las personas a la Covid y su gravedad. El papel de los genes en la susceptibilidad a la Covid-19 deberá continuar investigándose.Palabras clave
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