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Aneurismas intracraneales, no rotos en pacientes de la provincia Sancti Spiritus
Resumen
Fundamento: Los aneurismas intracraneales cuando se fisuran provocan una hemorragia subaracnoidea. No obstante, no todos se rompen y algunos pueden ser encontrados de manera casual en un estudio imaginológico y se les denomina incidentales o asintomáticos según el paciente presente, o no, historia previa de otro saco que se haya roto con anterioridad.Tratar un aneurisma intracraneal no roto es un desafío para líderes clínicos y quirúrgicos.
Objetivo: Describir las características y evolución de una serie de 91 aneurismas intracraneales incidentales y asintomáticos en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital General Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus entre los años 2010 y 2020.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo con una muestra no probabilística de 91 aneurismas incidentales y asintomáticos encontrados en 72 pacientes mediante estudios imaginológicos. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, dimensiones, forma irregular, sitio de localización, método de tratamientos empleados, mortalidad y morbilidad.
Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes con edad entre 45 y 65 años y hubo un predominio del sexo femenino. Fue mayoritario el aneurisma de mediano tamaño y la localización más frecuente fue la comunicante anterior. Se detectaron variables clínicas y morfológicas predictivas de complicaciones. Los pacientes no intervenidos quirúrgicamente evolucionaron mejor. Se detectaron varios pacientes con familiares de primer y segundo grado afectados por aneurismas intracraneales.
Conclusiones: Los aneurismas intracraneales no rotos predominan en mujeres de la quinta y sexta década de la vida. Factores morfológicos como el tamaño del saco, la altura máxima del domo y la razón de aspecto se relacionaron con la aparición de complicaciones en los pacientes operados. El síndrome de aneurisma intracraneal familiar debe tenerse en cuenta en pacientes con antecedentes de familiares de primer y segundo grado con aneurismas intracraneales.Palabras clave
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